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Gemstones
Each gemstone includes information about hardness, country of origin, colours, and recommended cleaning methods.
Always inspect the condition of a gemstone before cleaning it!
If a gemstone has scratches, cracks, or signs of wear, consult a professional before attempting to clean it.
Most jewellery can be soaked briefly in warm water with a mild detergent (such as dish soap, unless otherwise stated) to loosen dirt. After soaking, gently clean the stone with a soft brush or a lint-free cloth. Dry the jewellery thoroughly with a clean, lint-free cloth.
Gemstone hardness is measured using the Mohs Scale, where 1 is the softest mineral (talc) and 10 is the hardest (diamond).
- Talc
- Gypsum
- Calcite
- Fluorite
- Apatite
- Orthoclase feldspar
- Quartz
- Topaz
- Corundum
- Diamond
Type
Colour
Aquamarine
Gemstone
Hardness:
7,5–8
Origin:
Brazil, Myanmar, Madagascar
Colours:
Blue
USC: Carefully
Alexandrite
Gemstone
Hardness:
8.5
Origin:
Russia, Brazil, Sri Lanka
Colours:
Green
Red
USC: Yes
Amethyst
Gemstone
Hardness:
7
Origin:
Brazil, Russia, Austria
Colours:
Violet
USC: Carefully
Ametrine
Gemstone
Hardness:
7
Origin:
Bolivia / Synthetic
Colours:
Violet
Yellow
USC: Carefully
Ammolite
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
3.5–4.5
Origin:
North America
Colours:
Multicolour
USC: No
Sunstone
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6–7
Origin:
Nordic countries, Australia, India
Colours:
Orange
USC: No
Aventurine
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
7
Origin:
Brazil, Austria, Russia
Colours:
Green
USC: No
Beryl
Gemstone
Hardness:
7.5–8
Origin:
Russia, Brazil, Finland
Colours:
Green
Yellow
USC: No
Fluorite
Gemstone
Hardness:
4
Origin:
Afghanistan, Brazil, India
Colours:
Blue
Green
Violet
USC: No
Garnet
Gemstone
Hardness:
6.5–7.5
Origin:
Russia, Turkey, Brazil
Colours:
Red
USC: Carefully
Pearl
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
2.5–3
Origin:
Worldwide
Colours:
Clear
USC: No
Hematite
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
5
Origin:
Canada, United States, Ukraine
Colours:
Dark
USC: No
Iolite
Gemstone
Hardness:
7
Origin:
India, Madagascar, Canada
Colours:
Blue
Violet
USC: No
Jade
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6.5–7
Origin:
China, Russia, Australia
Colours:
Green
USC: Carefully
Jasper
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6.5–7
Origin:
Romania, Russia, India
Colours:
Red
USC: No
Chalcedony
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6.5
Origin:
Brazil, Germany, Russia
Colours:
Blue
USC: Yes
Carnelian
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
7
Origin:
Brazil, India, Russia
Colours:
Red
USC: Carefully
Petrified wood
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6.5–7
Origin:
Worldwide
Colours:
Brown
USC: No
Kunzite
Gemstone
Hardness:
6.5–7
Origin:
Brazil, Afghanistan, Madagascar
Colours:
Clear
Red
USC: No
Moonstone
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6–6.5
Origin:
Australia, Mexico, Madagascar
Colours:
Clear
USC: No
Labradorite
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6–6.5
Origin:
Madagascar, Canada, Russia
Colours:
Multicolour
USC: No
Lapis Lazuli
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
5–6
Origin:
Afghanistan, Chile, Myanmar
Colours:
Blue
USC: No
Malachite
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
3.5–4
Origin:
Russia, Australia, Chile
Colours:
Green
USC: No
Amber
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
2–2.5
Origin:
Worldwide
Colours:
Orange
USC: No
Moissanite
Gemstone
Hardness:
9.25
Origin:
Meteorites / Synthetic
Colours:
Clear
USC: Yes
Morganite
Gemstone
Hardness:
7.5–8
Origin:
Madagascar, Brazil, Russia
Colours:
Red
Yellow
USC: Carefully
Mystic Topaz
Gemstone
Hardness:
8
Origin:
Colour-treated topaz
Colours:
Multicolour
USC: Yes
Nephrite
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6–6.5
Origin:
China, New Zealand
Colours:
Green
USC: Carefully
Obsidian
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
5–6
Origin:
Chile, United States, Canada
Colours:
Dark
USC: No
Opal
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
5–6.5
Origin:
Australia, Ethiopia, Brazil
Colours:
Multicolour
USC: No
Fire Opal
Gemstone
Hardness:
5.5–6
Origin:
Mexico, Ethiopia, Australia
Colours:
Red
USC: No
Peridot
Gemstone
Hardness:
6,5–7
Origin:
Myanmar, China, United States
Colours:
Green
USC: No
Pyrite
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6–6.5
Origin:
Worldwide
Colours:
Yellow
USC: Carefully
Ruby
Gemstone
Hardness:
9
Origin:
Myanmar, Tanzania, Sri Lanka
Colours:
Red
USC: No
Rutilated Quartz
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6–7
Origin:
Australia, Brazil, United States
Colours:
Brown
Dark
USC: No
Rose Quartz
Gemstone
Hardness:
7
Origin:
Brazil, India, Madagascar
Colours:
Red
USC: No
Sapphire
Gemstone
Hardness:
9
Origin:
Sri Lanka, Australia, Brazil
Colours:
Blue
Red
Yellow
USC: No
Smokey Quartz
Gemstone
Hardness:
7
Origin:
Brazil, Madagascar, Russia
Colours:
Brown
USC: No
Citrine
Gemstone
Hardness:
7
Origin:
Brazil, Madagascar, Russis
Colours:
Yellow
USC: Carefully
Emerald
Gemstone
Hardness:
7.5-8
Origin:
Brazil, Columbia, Canada
Colours:
Green
USC: No
Sodalite
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
5.5–6
Origin:
United States, Russia, Canada
Colours:
Blue
USC: No
Spectrolite
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6–6.5
Origin:
Finland
Colours:
Multicolour
USC: No
Spinel
Gemstone
Hardness:
8
Origin:
Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Madagascar
Colours:
Blue
Red
USC: Yes
Tanzanite
Gemstone
Hardness:
6.5
Origin:
Tanzania
Colours:
Blue
USC: No
Tiger's eye
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
6–6.5
Origin:
Australia, United States, Africa
Colours:
Brown
USC: No
Diamond
Gemstone
Hardness:
10
Origin:
Russia, Australia, Canada
Colours:
Clear
USC: Yes
Topaz
Gemstone
Hardness:
8
Origin:
Brazil, Canada, Russia
Colours:
Blue
Brown
Clear
USC: No
Turquoise
Ornamental stone
Hardness:
5–6
Origin:
United States, Bulgaria, China
Colours:
Blue
USC: No
Tourmaline
Gemstone
Hardness:
7–7.5
Origin:
Brazil, India, Italy
Colours:
Blue
Brown
Clear
Green
Red
Violet
Yellow
USC: No
Zircon
Gemstone
Hardness:
7
Origin:
Worldwide
Colours:
Blue
Brown
Clear
Green
Red
Violet
Yellow
USC: No
Cubic Zirconia
Gemstone
Hardness:
7
Origin:
Synthetic
Colours:
Blue
Brown
Clear
Green
Red
Violet
Yellow
USC: Yes